{"id":15336,"date":"2026-07-10T01:29:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T01:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/?p=15336"},"modified":"2026-04-15T08:19:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T08:19:03","slug":"hardware-parts-list-in-packing-machine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/hardware-parts-list-in-packing-machine\/","title":{"rendered":"Paketleme Makinesinde Donan\u0131m Par\u00e7alar\u0131 Listesi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Her paketleme makinesi donan\u0131mla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. B\u0131\u00e7aklar, kay\u0131\u015flar, silindirler, contalar, rulmanlar, sens\u00f6rler, pn\u00f6matik silindirler, motorlar, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131. Paketleme makinesi ekipman\u0131ndaki donan\u0131m par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n tam listesi olduk\u00e7a uzundur ve her bir par\u00e7an\u0131n ne i\u015fe yarad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek, yedek par\u00e7a temin ederken ya da sabah saat 3\u2019te \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan bir makinenin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>

\"Paketleme
Paketleme Makinesindeki Donan\u0131m Par\u00e7a Listesi.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

1. B\u0131\u00e7aklar ve Kesici Aletler<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Kesme i\u015fini b\u0131\u00e7aklar yapar. Film, torbalar, po\u015fetler, kartonlar, shrink ambalaj. Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, kesilmesi veya delik a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken her \u015fey i\u00e7in, makinenin bir yerinde bunu yapan bir b\u0131\u00e7ak vard\u0131r.<\/p>

\"B\u0131\u00e7aklar
B\u0131\u00e7aklar ve Kesici Aletler.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

D\u00fcz b\u0131\u00e7aklar en yayg\u0131n olanlard\u0131r. \u00c7apraz m\u00fch\u00fcrleme kesme istasyonlar\u0131, torba \u00fcretim makineleri, \u015ferit m\u00fch\u00fcrleme makineleri. T\u0131rt\u0131kl\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7aklar ise malzemenin daha sert oldu\u011fu veya ambalaj\u0131n y\u0131rtarak a\u00e7\u0131labilen bir kenara ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu durumlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6ner b\u0131\u00e7aklar, y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00fcretim hatlar\u0131nda d\u00f6ner. Giyotin kesiciler ise oluklu mukavvay\u0131 keser.<\/p>

Paslanmaz \u00e7elik standart malzemedir. Tungsten karb\u00fcr ve seramik, \u00fc\u00e7 ila be\u015f kat daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r ancak keskinli\u011fini \u00e7ok daha uzun s\u00fcre korur. A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 filmleri keserken, karb\u00fcrde keskinlik alt\u0131 ila on sekiz ay s\u00fcrerken, paslanmaz \u00e7elikte ise sadece birka\u00e7 hafta s\u00fcrer.<\/p>

K\u00f6r b\u0131\u00e7aklar, p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fc kenarlara, eksik kesimlere ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmalara neden olur. Torbalar birbirine yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k kal\u0131r. Film kesilmek yerine y\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcn kesme istasyonunda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Baz\u0131 operat\u00f6rler bunu telafi etmek i\u00e7in kesme bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r; bu da b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n daha h\u0131zl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na ve alt\u0131ndaki \u00f6rs\u00fcn y\u0131pranmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>

Yo\u011fun i\u015f hacmine sahip hatlarda b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131 haftada bir kontrol edin. Baz\u0131 at\u00f6lyeler b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131 biledikten sonra tekrar kullan\u0131r. Di\u011ferleri ise at\u0131p yenisini al\u0131r. Yedek b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131 elinizin alt\u0131nda bulundurun. Bir b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek birka\u00e7 dakika s\u00fcrer. Tedarik\u00e7iden yeni bir b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gelmesini beklemek ise g\u00fcnler s\u00fcrer.<\/p>

B\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n hizalanmas\u0131, keskinli\u011fi kadar \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6rsden yar\u0131m milimetre sapm\u0131\u015f keskin bir b\u0131\u00e7ak, k\u00f6relmi\u015f bir b\u0131\u00e7akla ayn\u0131 kalitesiz kesim sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Her b\u0131\u00e7ak de\u011fi\u015fiminden sonra, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015fleme koymadan \u00f6nce hizalamay\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>

2. Kay\u0131\u015flar<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Kay\u0131\u015flar nesneleri hareket ettirir. \u00dcr\u00fcnler konvey\u00f6r kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ilerler. Film, \u00e7ekme kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilerek ilerletilir. Zamanlama kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 mekanik istasyonlar\u0131 senkronize eder. Tahrik kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, motordan \u015fafta g\u00fc\u00e7 aktar\u0131r. Her t\u00fcr kay\u0131\u015f er ya da ge\u00e7 a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

\"Kemer\"
Kemer.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Konvey\u00f6r bantlar\u0131 i\u00e7in PVC, poli\u00fcretan veya mod\u00fcler plastik. PVC ucuzdur. Kuru malzemeler i\u00e7in gayet uygundur. Poli\u00fcretan ise ya\u011f ve kat\u0131 ya\u011flara dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r; bu nedenle g\u0131da \u00fcretim hatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

Mod\u00fcler plastik kay\u0131\u015flar, halkalar halinde birbirine ge\u00e7me yoluyla birle\u015ftirilir. Bir halka hasar g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, onu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve yerine yenisini tak\u0131n. Kay\u0131\u015f\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmaya gerek yoktur. Kullan\u0131m yo\u011funlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6mr\u00fc be\u015f aydan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar uzan\u0131r.<\/p>

VFFS makinelerindeki \u00e7ekme kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, filmi kavrar ve \u015fekillendirme istasyonundan ge\u00e7irir. S\u00fcrt\u00fcnme tipi \u00e7ekme kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, y\u00fczeyleri a\u015f\u0131narak p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fczle\u015ftik\u00e7e kavrama g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybeder. Vakumlu \u00e7ekme kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ise emi\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r ve daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr, ancak maliyeti daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>

\u00c7ekme kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 gerildi\u011finde veya kavrama g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kaybetti\u011finde, torba uzunlu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fir. Operat\u00f6rler, as\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn $40 kay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sorunu yaz\u0131l\u0131m ayarlamalar\u0131yla gidermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>

Zamanlama kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 di\u015flidir. Kasnaklarla birbirine ge\u00e7erler. Bir di\u015f atlan\u0131rsa, istasyonlar senkronizasyonunu kaybeder. Contalar yanl\u0131\u015f yerine oturur. Kesimler ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur.<\/p>

Bu kay\u0131\u015flar, \u0131s\u0131 ve eskime nedeniyle di\u015f k\u00f6k\u00fcnden \u00e7atlar. Bak\u0131m molalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda di\u015flerin boyunca elinizle kontrol edin. Eksik di\u015f mi var? Kay\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc dolmu\u015f demektir. Kenarlar\u0131nda y\u0131pranma m\u0131 var? \u00d6mr\u00fc bitmek \u00fczere demektir.<\/p>

V kay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve d\u00fcz kay\u0131\u015flar, motorlar\u0131 di\u015fli kutular\u0131na ba\u011flar. Bu kay\u0131\u015flar esner, kayar ve \u00e7atlar. Tahrik kay\u0131\u015f\u0131 kay\u0131yor mu? Makine, ayarlanan de\u011fere g\u00f6re olmas\u0131 gerekenden daha yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. PLC dakikada 60 torba g\u00f6steriyor, ancak \u00fcretim say\u0131m\u0131 52 diyor. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 su\u00e7lamadan \u00f6nce kay\u0131\u015f\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>

Kay\u0131\u015flar \u00e7ift olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, ikisini de ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015ftirin. Eski ve yeni kay\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir arada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerginli\u011fin dengesiz olmas\u0131na neden olur ve her ikisi de daha \u00e7abuk a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Sipari\u015f verirken eski kay\u0131\u015f\u0131 makine \u00fczerindeyken \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn. Farkl\u0131 \u00fcreticilerin par\u00e7a numaralar\u0131 her zaman birbiriyle uyu\u015fmayabilir.<\/p>

3. S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00c7eneleri ve Is\u0131tma Elemanlar\u0131<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00e7eneleri birbirine bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve film, \u0131s\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131yla yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7apraz s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00e7ubuklar\u0131, u\u00e7 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00e7ubuklar\u0131, arka s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00e7ubuklar\u0131, kanatl\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k tekerlekleri. Adlar makineye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir. \u0130ki \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczey, film katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 eriyip s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz bir birle\u015fim olu\u015fturana kadar s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>

\"S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k
S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00c7eneleri ve Is\u0131tma Elemanlar\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

\u00c7ene y\u00fczeyleri genellikle krom kapl\u0131 veya Teflon kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Krom, a\u015f\u0131nmaya kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Teflon ise malzemenin y\u00fczeyden daha kolay ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve yap\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nler. Her ikisi de zamanla a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00c7ene y\u00fczeyindeki t\u0131rt\u0131llar, binlerce s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan d\u00fczle\u015fir. Bu t\u0131rt\u0131llar d\u00fczle\u015fti\u011finde s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fer; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011f olu\u015fturan bas\u0131n\u00e7 noktalar\u0131n\u0131 yaratan unsurlar i\u015fte bu t\u0131rt\u0131llard\u0131r.<\/p>

Kartu\u015f \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131lar \u00e7ene g\u00f6vdesinin i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Metal bir t\u00fcp i\u00e7indeki diren\u00e7li bobin, \u00e7enedeki bir deli\u011fe s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u015fey de\u011fil.<\/p>

Hi\u00e7bir uyar\u0131 olmadan bozulurlar. Bir taraf\u0131ndaki \u00e7ene so\u011fur. M\u00fch\u00fcrler zay\u0131f \u00e7\u0131kar ya da aniden a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Makine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder ve kalite kontrol ekibi bu partiyi i\u015faretleyene kadar kimse fark etmez.<\/p>

\u00c7ene yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki RTD\u2019ler veya termokupllar, s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferlerini kontrol \u00fcnitesine iletir. Bir sens\u00f6rde sapma meydana geldi\u011finde, de\u011ferler yanl\u0131\u015f olur ancak kontrol \u00fcnitesi bunun fark\u0131nda de\u011fildir.<\/p>

\u00c7ene 180 \u00b0C'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor san\u0131yor. Asl\u0131nda 160 \u00b0C'de duruyor. Contalar bir s\u00fcre g\u00f6rsel denetimden ge\u00e7iyor, ancak daha sonra kalite kontrollerinde sorun \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Sens\u00f6rlerin d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla kalibre edilmesi, sapmay\u0131 bir parti \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc mahvetmeden \u00f6nce tespit etmeyi sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>

Teflon bant veya PTFE kaplamalar, \u00e7ene y\u00fczeyini korur ve filmin yap\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Bunlar sarf malzemeleridir. Belirlenen s\u0131kl\u0131kta de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>

Bant\u0131n tamamen yanana kadar beklemek, \u00e7ene y\u00fczeyinde erimi\u015f film kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur; bu kal\u0131nt\u0131lar, yeni bant tak\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce temizlenmelidir. Baz\u0131 i\u015fletmeler her vardiyada band\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Di\u011ferleri ise bunu g\u00fcnde bir kezle s\u0131n\u0131rlar. Bu, film t\u00fcr\u00fcne ve s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

7\/24 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makinelerde, \u0131s\u0131tma elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc birka\u00e7 ayd\u0131r. Daha hafif kullan\u0131mda ise bir y\u0131l kadar dayanabilirler. Her \u00e7ene konumu i\u00e7in en az iki yedek bulundurun. Sabah saat 2\u2019de bir \u0131s\u0131tma eleman\u0131n\u0131n yanmas\u0131 ve yedek bulunmamas\u0131 durumunda, sabah vardiyas\u0131 bir yedek temin edene kadar \u00fcretim hatt\u0131 durmak zorunda kal\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00c7ene hizalamas\u0131, olmas\u0131 gerekenden daha s\u0131k ihmal edilmektedir. D\u00fcz bir \u015fekilde birle\u015fmeyen \u00e7eneler, bir tarafta sa\u011flam, di\u011fer tarafta ise i\u015fe yaramaz s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131nda aralar\u0131na \u015fim yerle\u015ftirin. Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin d\u00f6ng\u00fcden sonra tekrar kontrol edin.<\/p>

4. Contalar, S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k Elemanlar\u0131 ve O-Halkalar<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Contalar ve s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k elemanlar\u0131 s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nler. Hava, nem, \u00fcr\u00fcn, kirletici maddeler. Birbirine temas eden y\u00fczeylerin aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilirler ve i\u00e7erideki maddeleri i\u00e7eride, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dakileri ise d\u0131\u015far\u0131da tutarlar. Her paketleme makinesinde bir yerlerde bulunurlar.<\/p>

\"Contalar,
Contalar, S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k Elemanlar\u0131 ve O-Halkalar.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Silikon, g\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 sekt\u00f6rlerinde en \u00e7ok tercih edilen malzemedir. Is\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r, esnekli\u011fini korur ve FDA gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lar. EPDM kau\u00e7uk daha ucuzdur ve g\u0131da ile temas\u0131n sorun te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi durumlarda gayet iyi sonu\u00e7 verir. Viton ise silikonu an\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131racak agresif kimyasallar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler i\u00e7in en uygun se\u00e7imdir.<\/p>

O-ringler, silindirler, valf g\u00f6vdeleri ve ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki oluklara yerle\u015ftirilir. Bas\u0131nca kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k sa\u011flarlar. Bu par\u00e7alar\u0131n kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131 m\u0131? Y\u0131llarca dayanabilir. Dakikada 60 kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayan y\u00fcksek devirli pn\u00f6matik silindir mi? T\u0131slama sesi \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce belki alt\u0131 ay dayanabilir.<\/p>

\u00c7o\u011fu contan\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131saltan \u015fey s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Aylarca ayn\u0131 konumda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir conta kal\u0131c\u0131 bir deformasyona u\u011frar. Eski haline geri d\u00f6nmez.<\/p>

Conta gev\u015fer ve hava ya da \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7inden s\u0131zar. Vakum makineleri ve hazneli kapama makinelerindeki kap\u0131 contalar\u0131, g\u00f6zle bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iyi durumda g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler bile belirli aral\u0131klarla de\u011fi\u015ftirilmelidir.<\/p>

Bir par\u00e7an\u0131n bozuldu\u011funu nas\u0131l anlars\u0131n\u0131z: g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen \u00e7atlaklar, sertle\u015fmi\u015f lastik, kelep\u00e7elendi\u011fi yerde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ya da eskiden 5 saniyede \u00e7ekim yapan vakumun art\u0131k 12 saniye s\u00fcrmesi.<\/p>

Ar\u0131za verene kadar kullanmay\u0131n. Vakumlu paketleme makinesindeki s\u0131zd\u0131ran conta, enerji israf\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar ve o makineden \u00e7\u0131kan her bir paketin raf \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131salt\u0131r.<\/p>

Silikon ve EPDM malzemeden \u00fcretilmi\u015f standart conta boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 stokta bulundurun. O-ring setlerini i\u00e7 \u00e7ap ve kesit boyutuna g\u00f6re d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde saklay\u0131n. Gece yar\u0131s\u0131 bir conta ar\u0131zaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kimse do\u011fru olan\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7indeki O-ringlerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu bir kovay\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak istemez.<\/p>

5. Makaralar ve Avara Makaralar\u0131<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Silindirler, makine i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en film ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6nlendirir, gerginli\u011fini ayarlar ve destekler. Avaralar ise, malzeme \u00fczerlerinden ge\u00e7erken sadece serbest\u00e7e d\u00f6nen, tahriksiz silindirlerdir.<\/p>

\"Silindirler
Silindirler ve Avaralar.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Parlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya kaplamal\u0131 y\u00fczeyli paslanmaz \u00e7elik veya al\u00fcminyum. Baz\u0131 modellerde tutu\u015fu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kau\u00e7uk veya silikon k\u0131l\u0131f bulunur. Paslanmaz \u00e7elik, y\u0131kama i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamlarda dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Al\u00fcminyum daha hafiftir; bu \u00f6zellik, silindirin gerilim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine h\u0131zl\u0131 tepki vermesi gereken dans\u00e7\u0131 kollar\u0131nda \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>

Konvey\u00f6r makaralar\u0131, kay\u0131\u015f\u0131 tahrik eder. Tahrikli makaralar\u0131n her iki ucunda birer rulman bulunur ve bunlar zincirler, kay\u0131\u015flar veya do\u011frudan di\u015fli kaplini arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tahrik sistemine ba\u011flan\u0131r. Bir makara rulman\u0131 ar\u0131zaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, makara s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>

Kay\u0131\u015f bunun \u00fczerinden kayar, kay\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinde d\u00fcz bir alan olu\u015fur ve \u00fcr\u00fcn beslemesinde aksakl\u0131klar ba\u015flar. Bunu g\u00f6rmeden \u00f6nce sesini duyars\u0131n\u0131z. Konvey\u00f6r b\u00f6lgesinden gelen ritmik bir vuruntu veya g\u0131c\u0131rt\u0131 sesi, neredeyse her zaman bozuk bir makara yata\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>

Silindir y\u00fczeyleri ciddi y\u0131pranmaya maruz kal\u0131r. Kau\u00e7uk kaplamalar soyulur. Paslanmaz \u00e7elik y\u00fczeyler ise kal\u0131nt\u0131lar nedeniyle \u00e7izilir. Silindir y\u00fczeyi bozuldu\u011funda, film e\u011fri ilerler, k\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve gerginlik dengesizle\u015fir.<\/p>

Film bir tarafa kay\u0131yor ve k\u0131lavuzlarla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hi\u00e7bir \u015fey sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fcyor mu? Makaralara bir bak\u0131n. Makara y\u00fczeyindeki a\u015f\u0131nma izleri veya d\u00fczle\u015fmi\u015f noktalar genellikle sorunun sebebidir.<\/p>

Silindirleri d\u00fczenli olarak temizleyin. Yap\u0131\u015fkan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, \u00fcr\u00fcn tozu ve etiket arka y\u00fcz\u00fc malzemesi silindir y\u00fczeylerinde birikir ve kavrama \u00f6zelliklerini de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Yap\u0131\u015fkan bir silindir filmi \u00e7ok sert \u00e7eker. Tozlu bir silindir ise filmin kaymas\u0131na neden olur. Her ikisi de sorunlara yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>

Temiz ve kuru bir paketleme odas\u0131 m\u0131? Makaralar\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fc iki ila be\u015f y\u0131l s\u00fcrer. Islak ve asidik bir g\u0131da fabrikas\u0131 m\u0131? Belki bir y\u0131l. Rulmanlar do\u011fru \u015fekilde s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz hale getirilmemi\u015fse bu s\u00fcre daha da k\u0131sal\u0131r.<\/p>

6. Rulmanlar<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

D\u00f6nen her yerde bir rulman bulunur. Konvey\u00f6r makaralar\u0131, tahrik milleri, avara tekerlekleri, kam takip\u00e7ileri, k\u0131lavuz makaralar\u0131, fan kanatlar\u0131. Tipik bir paketleme makinesinde d\u00fczinelerce rulman bulunur.<\/p>

Bilyal\u0131 rulmanlar \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015fi yerine getirir. Genel kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in standart olarak derin oluklu bilyal\u0131 rulmanlar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Makaral\u0131 rulmanlar ise y\u00fcklerin daha a\u011f\u0131r oldu\u011fu veya radyal y\u00fcke ek olarak itme y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn de bulundu\u011fu durumlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u011fneli rulmanlar ise normal bir bilyal\u0131 rulman\u0131n s\u0131\u011fmayaca\u011f\u0131 dar alanlara s\u0131k\u0131ca yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>

Paketleme makinelerinde s\u0131zd\u0131rmaz rulmanlar standart olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. G\u0131da tozu, toz ve y\u0131kama suyu gibi etkenler s\u00f6z konusudur. A\u00e7\u0131k rulmanlar, s\u00fcrekli ya\u011flama yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a bu ortamda dayanamaz; ya\u011flansa bile daha \u00e7abuk ar\u0131zalan\u0131r. Paketleme uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in en az 2RS (\u00e7ift kau\u00e7uk contal\u0131) veya 2Z (\u00e7ift kalkanl\u0131) s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131nda rulmanlar tercih edilmelidir.<\/p>

Ar\u0131zal\u0131 rulman ses \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. G\u0131c\u0131rt\u0131. T\u0131k\u0131rt\u0131. Ge\u00e7en hafta olmayan bir u\u011fultu. Bunu g\u00f6rmezden gelmeyin. S\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f rulman, mili bozar, motoru yakar, silindiri mahveder. Kimse bu g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, $10 de\u011ferindeki bir par\u00e7a, $500 de\u011ferinde bir hasara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>

Rulman\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek misiniz? Eski rulman\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve yenisini yerine takmadan \u00f6nce mil ile yuvaya bir g\u00f6z at\u0131n. Mil \u00fczerinde \u00e7izik varsa veya delikte pas varsa, yeni rulman do\u011fru \u015fekilde oturmayacakt\u0131r. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yine ar\u0131zalanacakt\u0131r. Bazen milin de de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekebilir.<\/p>

Rulman numaras\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak e\u015fle\u015ftirin. G\u00f6zle tahmin etmeyin. \u0130\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131 1 mm daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan bir rulman, mil \u00fczerinde d\u00f6necek, bir oluk a\u00e7acak ve birka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde ar\u0131zalanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

Eski rulmanda damgalanm\u0131\u015f tam numaraya g\u00f6re sipari\u015f verin. Numaray\u0131 okuyam\u0131yorsan\u0131z, i\u00e7 \u00e7ap\u0131, d\u0131\u015f \u00e7ap\u0131 ve geni\u015fli\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn ve bir rulman katalo\u011funda aray\u0131n.<\/p>

7. Yaylar ve Gergi Par\u00e7alar\u0131<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Yaylar, \u00e7ene mekanizmalar\u0131nda, kay\u0131\u015f gergilerinde, film rulosu frenlerinde, dans\u00e7\u0131 kollarda ve ba\u011flant\u0131 sistemlerinde bulunur. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama \u00e7ok i\u015f g\u00f6ren par\u00e7alard\u0131r. Zay\u0131flad\u0131klar\u0131nda, makinenin performans\u0131 te\u015fhis edilmesi zor \u015fekillerde bozulur.<\/p>

\"Yaylar
Yaylar ve Germe Donan\u0131m\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00e7enesindeki geri \u00e7ekme yay\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f olmas\u0131, \u00e7enenin d\u00f6ng\u00fcler aras\u0131nda yeterince h\u0131zl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bekleme s\u00fcresi uzar. Film a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

M\u00fch\u00fcr \u00fczerinde yan\u0131k izleri olu\u015fuyor ya da film \u00e7eneye yap\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Operat\u00f6rler bunu telafi etmek i\u00e7in m\u00fch\u00fcr s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor, bu da m\u00fchr\u00fcn dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flat\u0131yor. As\u0131l sorun $3 yay\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>

Film sarma sistemlerindeki gerginlik yaylar\u0131, film \u00e7ekildi\u011finde rulonun ne kadar diren\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerginlik, filmi gerer.<\/p>

Gerginlik \u00e7ok az olursa rulo serbest\u00e7e d\u00f6ner ve film gev\u015fer. Her ikisi de hizalamay\u0131 ve torba boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 bozar. Gerginlikde sapma oldu\u011funda ve ayarlamalarla d\u00fczeltilemedi\u011finde yaylar\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>

Paketleme makinelerinde germe yaylar\u0131, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma yaylar\u0131 ve burulma yaylar\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar ucuz ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yayg\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 stokta bulundurun. Teknik \u00f6zellikleri (serbest uzunluk, tel \u00e7ap\u0131, esneklik katsay\u0131s\u0131) makine k\u0131lavuzundan not al\u0131n ya da eski yay tamamen i\u015flevini yitirmeden \u00f6nce \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131n. Yay sipari\u015fini tahminlere dayal\u0131 olarak vermek i\u015fe yaramaz.<\/p>

Is\u0131, yaylar\u0131 ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feyden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u0131prat\u0131r. S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k istasyonunun yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki herhangi bir yay, makinenin so\u011fuk taraf\u0131ndaki bir yaydan daha \u00e7abuk gerginli\u011fini kaybeder. S\u0131cak taraftaki yaylar\u0131 daha s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>

8. Sens\u00f6rler ve Fotoelektrik Sens\u00f6rler<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Sens\u00f6rler, makineye neler olup bitti\u011fini bildirir. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. Filmin do\u011fru konumda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayarlanan de\u011fere uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bas\u0131nc\u0131n aral\u0131kta olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. Koruyucu kapa\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131 yoksa kapal\u0131 m\u0131 oldu\u011fu. Sens\u00f6rler olmadan makine k\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>

\"Sens\u00f6rler
Sens\u00f6rler ve Fotoelektrik Sens\u00f6rler.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Fotoelektrik sens\u00f6rler, paketleme makinelerinde en yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan sens\u00f6rlerdir. Bu sens\u00f6rler, bask\u0131l\u0131 film \u00fczerindeki kay\u0131t i\u015faretlerini okur ve PLC\u2019ye kesim ve yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin nerede yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirir.<\/p>

Kirlenmi\u015f fotoelektrik sens\u00f6r, sinyali ge\u00e7 alg\u0131lar veya hedefleri ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131r. Her torba, bask\u0131 kaym\u0131\u015f halde \u00e7\u0131kar. Merce\u011fi bir bezle silin. On saniye s\u00fcrer. Sorunun y\u00fczde doksan\u0131nda bu i\u015flem sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zer.<\/p>

Yak\u0131nl\u0131k sens\u00f6rleri metali alg\u0131lar. \u00c7ene belirli bir konuma ula\u015f\u0131r, kam bir noktay\u0131 ge\u00e7ecek \u015fekilde d\u00f6ner, ba\u011flant\u0131 kolundaki metal bayrak yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. Sens\u00f6r bunu alg\u0131lar ve PLC\u2019ye bildirir.<\/p>

Bu sens\u00f6rler temass\u0131zd\u0131r; yani mekanik olarak a\u015f\u0131nmazlar. Ancak elektronik ar\u0131zalar verebilirler. Ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir yak\u0131nl\u0131k sens\u00f6r\u00fc, makineyi ar\u0131za durumunda tutar ya da konumunu do\u011frulamadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verir; bu da bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmaya neden olabilir.<\/p>

Kapasitif sens\u00f6rler metal olmayan nesneleri alg\u0131lar. Tanklardaki s\u0131v\u0131 seviyeleri, konvey\u00f6rlerdeki \u00fcr\u00fcnler, film varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi. Ancak yak\u0131nl\u0131k sens\u00f6rlerinden daha zorludur. S\u0131cakl\u0131k dalgalanmalar\u0131, nem ve sens\u00f6r y\u00fczeyindeki kir, okumalar\u0131 bozar.<\/p>

S\u0131n\u0131r anahtarlar\u0131 mekanik cihazlard\u0131r. Bir \u015fey belirli bir konuma geldi\u011finde bir kol veya piston itilir. T\u0131k sesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. A\u015f\u0131n\u0131rlar. \u0130\u00e7lerindeki kontaklar oksitlenir veya elektrik ark\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ukurla\u015f\u0131r. Aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir s\u0131n\u0131r anahtar\u0131, hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan bir anahtardan daha k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc tekrarlanmas\u0131 zor rastgele ar\u0131zalara neden olur.<\/p>

Paketleme makinelerinde kablolar titre\u015fim nedeniyle gev\u015fer. Konekt\u00f6rler, y\u0131kama i\u015flemleri nedeniyle korozyona u\u011frar. Rafta duran yeni bir sens\u00f6r\u00fc almadan \u00f6nce, kabloyu hafif\u00e7e sallay\u0131n ve konekt\u00f6r\u00fc kontrol edin. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda sens\u00f6r\u00fcn kendisi sa\u011flamd\u0131r, sorunlu olan kablodur.<\/p>

Sens\u00f6rleri tam olarak ayn\u0131 modelle de\u011fi\u015ftirin. Farkl\u0131 markalar\u0131n anahtarlama mesafeleri, tepki s\u00fcreleri ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f t\u00fcrleri (PNP ve NPN) birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cYeterince benzer\u201d bir yedek par\u00e7a takmak, rastgele ar\u0131zalar olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zamanlama sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>

9. Pn\u00f6matik Bile\u015fenler<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Hava silindirleri, solenoid valfler, ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131, hortumlar, reg\u00fclat\u00f6rler, FRL \u00fcniteleri. Paketleme makinelerinde itme ve \u00e7ekme i\u015flemlerinin \u00e7o\u011funu pn\u00f6matik sistemler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. \u00c7eneler a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve kapan\u0131r. B\u0131\u00e7aklar devreye girer. \u00dcr\u00fcn y\u00f6nlendirilir. Kelep\u00e7eler tutar ve b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>

\"Pn\u00f6matik
Pn\u00f6matik Bile\u015fenler.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Silindirlerin i\u00e7inde contalar bulunur. Piston kolu contas\u0131, havan\u0131n piston kolunun yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mesini engeller. Piston contas\u0131 ise havan\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mdan s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Her ikisi de s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n sonucunda a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

A\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f contalar, silindirin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 dengesiz hale getirir. S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k \u00e7enesi her seferinde ayn\u0131 kuvvetle s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmaz. Contalar\u0131n s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fc parti i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir ve silindir par\u00e7alar\u0131na ayr\u0131lana kadar bunun nedeni kimse taraf\u0131ndan bilinmez.<\/p>

Solenoid valfler, havay\u0131 do\u011fru zamanda do\u011fru silindire y\u00f6nlendirir. Bobin yanarsa valf \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaz hale gelir. Kir nedeniyle spool s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa valf yar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k konumda kal\u0131r.<\/p>

S\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f valf, silindiri tek bir konumda kilitler ya da kaymas\u0131na neden olur. Makine tuhaf davran\u0131r ve kimse \u00f6nce valfi kontrol etmeyi ak\u0131l etmez.<\/p>

Hortumlar, eskime, \u0131s\u0131 ve titre\u015fim nedeniyle \u00e7atlar. \u00c7o\u011fu ambalajlama i\u015finde poli\u00fcretan, naylondan daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bas-ba\u011fla tipi ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tak\u0131l\u0131r, ancak i\u00e7lerindeki s\u0131kma halkas\u0131 zamanla a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

Koltuk art\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131 tutunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda boru bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda patlar. Ekstra kurulum s\u00fcresini g\u00f6ze alabilirseniz, banjo ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

Reg\u00fclat\u00f6rler, her bir devrenin hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 ayarlar. Bas\u0131nc\u0131 normalin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kan bir reg\u00fclat\u00f6r, silindirleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fckler ve mekanik durduruculara sert bir \u015fekilde \u00e7arpar.<\/p>

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyede sapma g\u00f6steren bas\u0131n\u00e7, her i\u015flemi yava\u015flat\u0131r. PM duru\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, sadece reg\u00fclat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fczerindeki g\u00f6stergeyi de\u011fil, kalibre edilmi\u015f bir manometre ile ayarlanm\u0131\u015f bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 kontrol edin; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc reg\u00fclat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fczerindeki g\u00f6stergeler de sapma g\u00f6sterebilir.<\/p>

FRL \u00fcniteleri, hava makineye ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce onu temizler ve \u015fartland\u0131r\u0131r. Filtre, suyu ve kiri tutar. Ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, ihtiyac\u0131 olan par\u00e7alara ya\u011f sisi p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcr. T\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f filtre, makinenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Bo\u015f ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ise valflerin ve silindirlerin ya\u011fs\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na neden olur. Hazne seviyelerini haftada bir kontrol edin.<\/p>

Makineye bas\u0131n\u00e7 verin ve dinleyin. \u00dcr\u00fcn ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yok. Sadece hava var. T\u0131slama sesi mi duyuyorsunuz? Bu bir s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131d\u0131r. Yerini i\u015faretleyin, onar\u0131n, i\u015finize devam edin. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar aldat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc makine h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Sadece biraz daha yava\u015f. Ve s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 tespit edilene kadar s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k kalitesi her hafta biraz daha k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fir.<\/p>

10. Motorlar, \u015eanz\u0131manlar ve Tahrik Bile\u015fenleri<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Her \u015fey motorlarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ana tahrik motoru, konvey\u00f6r motorlar\u0131, fan motorlar\u0131, pompa motorlar\u0131. AC asenkron motorlar, servo motorlar, step motorlar. Farkl\u0131 i\u015fler, farkl\u0131 tiplerde motorlar gerektirir.<\/p>

\"Motorlar,
Motorlar, \u015eanz\u0131manlar ve Tahrik Bile\u015fenleri.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

AC asenkron motorlar, a\u011f\u0131r i\u015flerin \u00e7o\u011funu \u00fcstlenir. Ucuz, g\u00fcvenilir ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi kolayd\u0131r. Konvey\u00f6rler, fanlar, ana tahrik sistemleri. Bunlardan birine bir VFD takarsan\u0131z, mekanik k\u0131sma dokunmadan h\u0131z\u0131 ayarlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>

Servolar, yeni nesil makinelerde yer almaktad\u0131r. Her istasyonun kendine ait bir motoru vard\u0131r. Film ilerletme, \u00e7ene konumu, b\u0131\u00e7ak zamanlamas\u0131. PLC, her birini servo s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak kontrol eder.<\/p>

Hi\u00e7 de ucuz de\u011fil. Bir tanesi bozuldu\u011funda motor ve tahrik sistemi binlerceye mal olabilir. Model numaras\u0131n\u0131, markay\u0131 ve teknik \u00f6zellikleri bir etikete yaz\u0131p elektrik panosunun kapa\u011f\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Sabah saat 4\u2019te bir servo bozuldu\u011funda, kimse dolab\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p tip etiketine g\u00f6zlerini k\u0131sarak bakmak istemez.<\/p>

\u015eanz\u0131manlar, motor ile tahrik etti\u011fi par\u00e7a aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Sonsuz di\u015fli, sarmal di\u015fli, planet di\u015fli. Hepsinin i\u00e7inde, \u0131s\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m s\u00fcresiyle bozulan ya\u011f veya gres bulunur. Ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131 g\u00f6rmeden \u00f6nce sesinden anlars\u0131n\u0131z. G\u0131c\u0131rt\u0131, v\u0131nlama, vuruntu. \u0130\u00e7inde bir \u015fey bozuluyor ve sorunu ertelemek durumu daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirir.<\/p>

Kaplinler, motor millerini tahrik edilen millere ba\u011flar. \u00c7eneli kaplinlerin ortas\u0131nda, titre\u015fimi emen ve hafif hizas\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 telafi eden lastik bir \u00f6r\u00fcmcek bulunur. \u00d6r\u00fcmcek a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve metal \u00e7eneler birbirine \u00e7arpmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>

Titre\u015fim art\u0131yor. Her iki taraftaki rulmanlar bozulmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u00d6r\u00fcmcek par\u00e7as\u0131 birka\u00e7 dolara mal oluyor. Bunu g\u00f6rmezden gelmek mi? Bunun maliyeti \u00e7ok daha fazla olur.<\/p>

Zincir tahrikleri ve di\u015fliler, eski mekanik makinelerde par\u00e7alar\u0131n senkronizasyonunu sa\u011flar. Zincirler, halkalar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki pim ve bur\u00e7lar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle uzar. Di\u015fliler ise a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir zincirle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak nedeniyle di\u015flerinde kanca \u015fekli olu\u015fur.<\/p>

\u0130kisini de ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015ftirin. A\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f di\u015flilere tak\u0131lan yeni zincir, zinciri \u00e7abucak y\u0131prat\u0131r. Gerilmi\u015f zincirle tak\u0131lan yeni di\u015fliler ise di\u015flileri y\u0131prat\u0131r.<\/p>

11. Ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

C\u0131vatalar, vidalar, somunlar, pullar, pimler, tutma klipsleri. T\u00fcm makineyi bir arada tutar. Her bir panel, motor yuvas\u0131, braket ve koruyucu kapak. Titre\u015fim, g\u00fcn boyu bunlar\u0131n her birine zarar veriyor.<\/p>

\"Ba\u011flant\u0131
Ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Par\u00e7alar gev\u015fer. C\u0131vata \u00e7eyrek tur geri d\u00f6ner. Par\u00e7a yerinden kayar. Zamanlama bozulur. Contalar yerinden \u00e7\u0131kar. Konvey\u00f6r yoldan sapar. \u0130nsanlar, bir anahtarla etraf\u0131 dola\u015farak iki dakikada tespit edilebilecek hayali sorunlar\u0131n pe\u015finde saatler harcarlar.<\/p>

G\u0131da ve ila\u00e7 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki makineler paslanmaz ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Y\u0131kanma gerektiren ortamlarda normal \u00e7elik bir hafta i\u00e7inde paslan\u0131r. Ancak kalite derecesi \u00f6nemlidir. Ucuz paslanmaz c\u0131vatalar, paslanmaz di\u015fli deliklerde a\u015f\u0131nmaya ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmaya neden olur. Bu ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma \u00f6nleyici s\u00fcr\u00fcn ya da daha sonra k\u0131r\u0131lan c\u0131vatalar\u0131 delerek \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 planlay\u0131n.<\/p>

Nyloc somunlar\u0131 ve vida sabitleyici macun, titre\u015fim nedeniyle par\u00e7alar\u0131n gev\u015femesini \u00f6nler. Bunlar\u0131 kullan\u0131m k\u0131lavuzunda belirtildi\u011fi yerlerde kullan\u0131n. Bunlar\u0131 kullanmamak, montaj s\u0131ras\u0131nda 30 saniye kazand\u0131r\u0131r; ancak bir hafta sonra par\u00e7alar gev\u015fedi\u011finde bir saatlik ar\u0131za giderme s\u00fcresine mal olur.<\/p>

Pim ve konik pimler, birbirine ge\u00e7en par\u00e7alar\u0131n hizas\u0131n\u0131 korur. \u015eok y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda bunlardan biri koparsa, iki par\u00e7a birbirinden kayar. Her \u015fey ters gider, ancak par\u00e7alar h\u00e2l\u00e2 birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.<\/p>

\u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta belli olmuyor. \u0130\u00e7inde sakl\u0131 olan k\u0131r\u0131k pimi bulmak i\u00e7in par\u00e7alar\u0131 ay\u0131rman\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>

12. Filtreler<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Hava filtreleri, ya\u011f filtreleri, vakum filtreleri, egzoz filtreleri. Hepsi de temelde ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yap\u0131yor: istenmeyen maddelerin gitmemesi gereken yerlere ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek.<\/p>

\"Filtreler\"
Filtreler.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

AHU sistemlerindeki giri\u015f hava filtreleri, makineye giren havay\u0131 temizler. \u00d6n filtreler b\u00fcy\u00fck partik\u00fclleri tutar. HEPA ise geri kalan\u0131n\u0131 tutar. Bu filtreler t\u0131kan\u0131rsa hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 azal\u0131r. Kurutma i\u015flemi yava\u015flar. \u0130la\u00e7 sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, bozuk bir giri\u015f filtresi, her an ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek bir GMP sorunudur.<\/p>

Vakum pompas\u0131 giri\u015f filtreleri, pompan\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn tozunu ve nemi emmesini engeller. Filtrenin t\u0131kanmas\u0131, emi\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131flamas\u0131na neden olur. Makinenin vakum olu\u015fturmas\u0131 \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrer ya da ayarlanan de\u011fere asla ula\u015famaz. Ambalajlar i\u00e7lerinde h\u00e2l\u00e2 hava kalm\u0131\u015f halde \u00e7\u0131kar ve raf \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azal\u0131r.<\/p>

Egzoz filtreleri, hava binadan \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce kaplama tozunu, tozu ve ince par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 tutar. Bu filtreler t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ters bas\u0131n\u00e7 olu\u015fur ve makine i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 azal\u0131r. Kurutma i\u015flemi bu hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu durum ilk olarak ak\u0131\u015fkan yatakl\u0131 kurutucular ve kaplama makinelerinde hissedilir.<\/p>

Hidrolik ve pn\u00f6matik filtreler, ya\u011f ve havan\u0131n valflere ve silindirlere kir ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Kirli ya\u011f, hidrolik bile\u015fenleri h\u0131zla bozar. Kirli hava ise pn\u00f6matik par\u00e7alar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r ve solenoidleri t\u0131kar. Her bak\u0131m molas\u0131nda filtre g\u00f6stergelerine veya DP g\u00f6stergelerine bak\u0131n.<\/p>

Filtreleri belirli aral\u0131klarla de\u011fi\u015ftirin. Ar\u0131zalanmalar\u0131n\u0131 beklemeyin. Kimse fark etmeden iki hafta boyunca t\u0131kanm\u0131\u015f halde kalan bir filtre, bu s\u00fcre boyunca makineyi yetersiz beslemi\u015f oluyor. Bu iki hafta boyunca i\u015flenen her parti, fark\u0131nda olun ya da olunmas\u0131n, kalitesinden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermi\u015f oluyor.<\/p>

13. Kelep\u00e7eler ve Sabitleme Elemanlar\u0131<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

Makine i\u015fini yaparken kelep\u00e7eler nesneleri sabit tutar. S\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k, kesme, \u015fekillendirme, doldurma. Pn\u00f6matik kelep\u00e7eler, mafsall\u0131 kelep\u00e7eler, kaml\u0131 kelep\u00e7eler, servo tahrikli kelep\u00e7eler. Se\u00e7im, gerekli kuvvet, h\u0131z ve de\u011fi\u015ftirme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

\"Kelep\u00e7eler
Kelep\u00e7eler ve Sabitleme Elemanlar\u0131.<\/strong><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Otomatik hatlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda pn\u00f6matik kelep\u00e7eler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. H\u0131zl\u0131, tekrarlanabilir ve PLC ile kontrol edilir. Silindir contalar\u0131, di\u011fer pn\u00f6matik silindirlerde oldu\u011fu gibi a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>

Kelep\u00e7e y\u00fczeyindeki kavrama pedleri, \u00fcr\u00fcn veya filmle s\u00fcrekli temas nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Ped p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fczle\u015fti\u011finde veya inceldi\u011finde kavrama g\u00fcc\u00fc azal\u0131r ve kelep\u00e7enin tuttu\u011fu nesne, d\u00f6ng\u00fc ortas\u0131nda yerinden kayar.<\/p>

Toggle kelep\u00e7eleri manuel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. H\u0131zl\u0131 hareket ederler ve boyutlar\u0131na g\u00f6re iyi bir s\u0131kma kuvveti sa\u011flarlar. \u00dcretim hatlar\u0131nda par\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fimi, sabitleme aparatlar\u0131, kal\u0131plar ve tak\u0131m kurulumlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. Pivot noktalar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve kelep\u00e7e gev\u015fer. Par\u00e7a her seferinde ayn\u0131 noktaya oturmaz ve sonu\u00e7lar tutars\u0131z hale gelir.<\/p>

Sabitleme plakalar\u0131 ve tak\u0131m tutucular, \u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6zg\u00fc par\u00e7alar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirir. Birden fazla SKU \u00fcreten makineler, her \u00fcretim ge\u00e7i\u015finde sabitleme tertibatlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir.<\/p>

Yerle\u015ftirme pimleri gev\u015fer. C\u0131vata delikleri a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Plakalar, dikkatsiz kullan\u0131m nedeniyle b\u00fck\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00dcr\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fimi sonras\u0131nda hizalama bozulur ve insanlar yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc su\u00e7lar; oysa as\u0131l su\u00e7lu, 500 kez \u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fimi ge\u00e7irmi\u015f kal\u0131plard\u0131r.<\/p>

14. Elektrik Bile\u015fenleri<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

R\u00f6leler, kontakt\u00f6rler, sigortalar, devre kesiciler, terminal bloklar\u0131, kablolama, konekt\u00f6rler. Elektrik dolab\u0131, a\u015f\u0131nan veya ar\u0131zalanan par\u00e7alarla doludur.<\/p>

\"Elektrik
Elektrik Bile\u015fenleri.<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>

R\u00f6leler devreleri anahtarlar. Mekanik r\u00f6lelerin i\u00e7inde, her devreye girdiklerinde k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m \u00e7\u0131karan ve a\u015f\u0131nan kontaklar bulunur. Titreyen bir r\u00f6le mi, yoksa rastgele devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kalan bir r\u00f6le mi? Bulabilmen i\u00e7in bol \u015fans. Bu ar\u0131zalar, bak\u0131m ekibi orada izlerken asla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz.<\/p>

Kat\u0131 hal r\u00f6leleri, kontaklar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve y\u00fcksek \u00e7evrim say\u0131s\u0131na sahip uygulamalarda daha uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak ar\u0131zaland\u0131klar\u0131nda, devre a\u00e7\u0131k kalmak yerine k\u0131sa devre yaparlar. G\u00fc\u00e7, olmamas\u0131 gereken durumlarda a\u00e7\u0131k kal\u0131r. Bu da ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir sorun olu\u015fturur.<\/p>

Sigortalar ve devre kesiciler a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar. Yanm\u0131\u015f bir sigorta, bir belirtidir, as\u0131l neden de\u011fildir. Sigortan\u0131n neden yand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmadan onu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, sigortan\u0131n tekrar yanaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Ve tekrar. Ta ki biri nihayet k\u0131sa devreyi veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcklenmi\u015f devreyi tespit edene kadar.<\/p>

Terminal bloklar\u0131 nemli tesislerde korozyona u\u011frar. Gev\u015fek terminaller, ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131nda diren\u00e7 olu\u015fturur. Ba\u011flant\u0131 \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 eritecek veya yang\u0131na neden olacak kadar \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6nleyici bak\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda terminal vidalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131lda bir kez yeniden s\u0131k\u0131n. Bir felaketi \u00f6nleyen bir saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.<\/p>

Kablolar\u0131n muhafazalara girdi\u011fi yerlerdeki kablo rakorlar\u0131 ve gerilim azalt\u0131c\u0131lar \u00e7atlayarak nemin i\u00e7eri girmesine neden olur. S\u0131zd\u0131rmaz bir panelin i\u00e7indeki korozyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015f kablolar her zaman bir s\u00fcrpriz olur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimse rakorlar\u0131 kontrol etmeyi ak\u0131l etmemi\u015ftir. Bunu \u00f6nleyici bak\u0131m kontrol listesine ekleyin.<\/p>

\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>

\u0130\u015fte paketleme makinesi ekipman\u0131ndaki donan\u0131m par\u00e7alar\u0131 listesi. B\u0131\u00e7aklar, kay\u0131\u015flar, rulmanlar, contalar, silindirler, sens\u00f6rler, pn\u00f6matik par\u00e7alar, motorlar, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131, filtreler, kelep\u00e7eler ve elektrikli bile\u015fenler. Bunlar\u0131n her biri zamanla a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r veya bozulur ve bu durum, makinenin kaliteli paketler \u00fcretme kabiliyetini olumsuz etkiler.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Every packing machine runs on hardware. Blades, belts, rollers, seals, bearings, sensors, pneumatic cylinders, motors, fasteners. The full hardware parts […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-packaging-equipment"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15336"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15437,"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15336\/revisions\/15437"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmamachinecn.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}