Fluid Bed Dryer Pharmaceutical

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When air velocity through a perforated bed plate reaches the minimum fluidization velocity, particles become suspended. They behave like a fluid—mixing vigorously, preventing agglomeration, and exposing maximum surface area to hot air. This creates uniform temperature distribution throughout the bed.

• Product Container/Column: Holds the material on a distribution plate

• Air Handling Unit (AHU): Filters, heats, and controls airflow

• Heating System: Electric heaters, steam coils, or indirect heaters

• Blower/Fan: Creates airflow through the system

• Filters (Bag Filters): Retain product while allowing air/moisture to escape

• Control Panel: Monitors/controls temperature, airflow, dew point

• Discharge System: For dry product removal

• Exhaust System: Removes moist air

• FBD: Fastest drying (minutes/hours), uniform drying, good for heat-sensitive materials

• Tray Dryer: Batch process, longer drying times (hours/days), potential uneven drying

• Vacuum Dryer: For heat-sensitive or flammable solvents, lower temperatures, longer cycle times

• Pharmaceutical granules (after wet granulation)

• Powders, crystals, pellets

• Food products (coffee, milk powder, cereals)

• Chemicals, polymers, catalysts

• Herbal extracts, nutraceuticals

• Materials that are free-flowing enough to fluidize

• Rapid Drying: High heat/mass transfer rates

• Uniform Drying: Even temperature distribution prevents localized overheating

• Controlled Parameters: Precise control of temperature, airflow, humidity

• Versatility: Can be used for drying, granulating, coating (with modifications)

• Efficient: Lower energy consumption per kg of water removed vs. tray dryers

• GMP Compliance: Designed for pharmaceutical standards

1. Inlet Air Temperature: Typically 40-80°C for pharma (depends on product)

2. Airflow Velocity/Volume: Must exceed minimum fluidization velocity

3. Product Bed Temperature: Key indicator of drying progress

4. Dew Point/Exhaust Humidity: Indicates moisture removal rate

5. Drying Time

6. Filter Shake/Fluidization Interval: Prevents filter clogging

Loss on Drying measures the moisture content in granules. Final LOD is critical for:

• Tablet compression quality

• Product stability and shelf life

• Preventing microbial growth

• Ensuring proper dissolution

Varies by product load, moisture content, and parameters. Typically:

• Small batches (5-50 kg): 15-60 minutes

• Production batches (100-500 kg): 1-3 hours

• Much faster than tray drying (which takes 8-24 hours)

• Insufficient airflow (below minimum fluidization velocity)

• Cohesive/sticky materials that form clumps

• Uneven particle size distribution

• Improper distribution plate (clogged holes)

• Too much or too little material in the container

• Product contact parts: 316L stainless steel (pharma grade)

• Surface finish: Ra ≤ 0.5 µm (electropolished) for easy cleaning

• Gaskets: Silicone, EPDM, PTFE (based on temperature and cleaning agents)

• Filters: Polyester, polypropylene, PTFE-coated fabrics

• Inlet air must be clean, dry, and controlled:

  • HVAC-grade filtration (pre-filters, HEPA if required)

  • Dehumidification for consistent drying

  • Temperature control for process reproducibility

  • For sterile products: sterile filtration of inlet air

Yes, as a Fluid Bed Granulator. Liquid binder is sprayed onto fluidized powder, forming agglomerates. The same equipment can dry them in-situ (one-pot processing).